Overview
Modifiers are powerful features that non-destructively change an object's shape. You can apply various effects while preserving the original mesh. This article explains two essential modifiers beginners should learn first: Mirror and Subdivision Surface.
What are Modifiers?
Modifiers are like "filters" you can apply to objects.
Features:
- Non-destructive: Changes appearance without altering original mesh data
- Real-time preview: See results before applying
- Stackable: Multiple modifiers can be layered
- Removable anytime: Delete if no longer needed
Add modifiers from the Properties panel's "Modifiers" tab (wrench icon).
Mirror Modifier
An essential modifier for creating symmetrical objects.
Basic Usage
- Select the object
- Properties → Modifiers → "Add Modifier"
- Select "Mirror"
That's all it takes for the object to be duplicated symmetrically along the specified axis.
Key Settings
| Setting | Description |
|---|---|
| Axis | Select mirror axis (X/Y/Z). Multiple selection possible |
| Clipping | Prevents center vertices from crossing the axis |
| Merge | Automatically merges overlapping center vertices |
| Mirror Object | Use another object as the mirror reference |
Importance of Clipping
With "Clipping" enabled, vertices won't cross the center line when you move them in Edit Mode. This prevents gaps in symmetrical models.
Subdivision Surface
A modifier that converts low-polygon models into smooth curved surfaces.
Basic Usage
- Select an object (e.g., a cube)
- Properties → Modifiers → "Add Modifier"
- Select "Subdivision Surface"
The angular cube transforms into a rounded shape.
Key Settings
| Setting | Description |
|---|---|
| Viewport | Preview subdivision level during editing (1-2 recommended) |
| Render | Subdivision level at render time (2-3 recommended) |
| Optimal Display | Makes wireframe display cleaner |
Notes
- Too high levels will slow down your PC
- Keep viewport low (1-2), increase render level as needed
Modifier Stack Order
When using multiple modifiers, order matters.
Recommended order:
- Mirror (symmetry)
- Subdivision Surface (smoothing)
If reversed, the mirror seam won't smooth properly, causing unintended results.
Applying Modifiers
When you want to finalize a modifier's effect, "apply" it.
How to apply:
- Click "∨" at the top right of the modifier
- Select "Apply"
Once applied, it cannot be undone. Always save your file before applying.
Common Problems
Mirror Not Working Correctly
- Cause: Object origin is offset
- Solution:
Ctrl + Shift + Alt + C→ "Origin to Geometry"
Subdivision Creates Weird Shape
- Cause: Mesh has duplicate vertices or internal faces
- Solution: In Edit Mode,
A(select all) →M→ "Merge by Distance"
Summary
- Modifiers: Non-destructively change mesh appearance
- Mirror: Essential for symmetrical modeling. Enable Clipping
- Subdivision Surface: Easily creates smooth curved surfaces
- Stack Order: Maintain Mirror → Subdivision order
Mastering these two modifiers will significantly improve your modeling efficiency.